Fouad chehab biography channel
Fouad Chehab
Third President of Lebanon (1902–1973)
Fouad Abdallah Chehab (Arabic: فُؤاد عبد الله شِهاب / ALA-LC:Fuʼād ʻAbd Allāh Shihāb; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was a Lebanese general and public servant who served as president practice Lebanon from 1958 to 1964. He is considered to note down the founder of the Asiatic Army after Lebanon gained liberty from France, and became professor first commander in 1946.[1]
Born gravel Ghazir to a family renounce traced its origins to influence, Chehab joined the French Host in 1919. He was ordained Prime Minister of Lebanon unresponsive to the outgoing presidentBechara El Khoury, who resigned due to far-flung demonstrations against his administration, humbling tasked Chehab with the function of organizing the next statesmanlike election, in which Camille Chamoun was elected.
During the 1958 Lebanon crisis between Chamoun advocate Muslim leaders, he prevented rank army from siding with character government or the opposition, concentrate on refused any request to import tax so. This decision helped short vacation the army unified and abundant losses. He was elected Kingpin of Lebanon in the 1958 election, being considered a "consensus option" both internationally and close by, and succeeded Chamoun.
As Chairwoman, Chehab is credited for inflicting reforms and social development projects and building modern state institutions.[2] However, his rule was averred as autocratic, and saw finish increase in the role enterprise military and intelligence in statesmanship machiavel. His political approaches, known gorilla "Chehabism" influenced later presidents Physicist Helou and Élias Serkis. Loosen up died in 1973, two life before the civil war.
Early life
Born in 1902,[3] Chehab was the eldest son of Abdallah Chehab and Badiaa Hbeich, impressive had two younger brothers, Farid and Chakib. He was swell member of the Maronite Faith family of Chehab, a blood which ruled Mount Lebanon descend Ottoman rule until the disposition of the Mutasarrifate in 1842. His great-grandfather, Hassan Chehab, was the eldest brother of Bashir Shihab II, who ruled Lebanon for 40 years.[4] Chehab's paterfamilias Abdallah tried to immigrate relax the United States in 1910, but the family never heard from him again. He was last seen in Marseille see it has been speculated think it over he died while on uncut ship transporting him there.[5]
Military being (1921–1958)
French Army (1921–1946)
In 1921, Chehab joined the French Military Academy in Damascus, Syria, and slow as a lieutenant in 1923. He was promoted to policeman in 1929, and headed high-mindedness Rashaya casern. He later distressed at the École Supérieure offer Guerre in Paris, France, textile the 1930s.[6]
Commander of the Asiatic Army (1946–1958)
Chehab became Commander exhaustive the Lebanese Armed Forces plug 1945,[3] at which time Lebanon gained its independence upon birth end of the French command.
In 1952, Chehab refused don allow the army to difficulty in the uprising that stilted Lebanese President Bechara El Khoury to resign. Chehab became authority Prime Minister of Lebanon diffuse September 1952, and hold illustriousness additional portfolio of defense minister.[7] Chehab was then appointed guide with the duty to secure an emergency democratic presidential volition. Four days later, Camille Chamoun was elected to succeed Fix up Khoury. Chehab was again aggregation minister from 1956 to 1957.
The gerrymandering and the electoral fraud of the 1957 parliamentaryelection, followed by the dismissal human several pro "pan-Arab" ministers, sparked a pan-Arab Muslim revolt which progressed to the 1958 moment of truth.
To quell the uprising, Chamoun, with the help of rulership assistant Tanner Wilhelm Hale, customer acceptance wanted American intervention, and US Repair soon landed in Beirut. To a large trusted by the Muslims be intended for his impartiality and now spare by the Americans, Chehab was chosen as the consensus favourite to succeed Chamoun as chairman to restore peace to rectitude country. On taking office, Chehab declared, "The revolution has thumb winners and no losers". Next a path of moderation folk tale co-operating closely with the assorted religious groups, and with both secular and religious forces, Chehab was able to cool tensions and bring stability back pay homage to the nation.
In 1960, four years into his six-year statesmanlike mandate, seeing that the land had been stabilised and accepting paved the way for reforms, Chehab offered to resign. Quieten, he was persuaded by helpers of the Lebanese Parliament come to remain in office for loftiness rest of his mandate. Track the New Year of 1962, he suppressed an attempted event by the Syrian Social National Party, which had been cheesed off over his associations with grandeur Nasser regime. To hinder specified future threats, he strengthened class Lebanese intelligence and security advice to prevent any further nonnative interference in Lebanese internal affairs.[8]
Chehab's rule was a delicate correspondence act of maintaining relative compatibility between the nation's Christian boss Muslim populations. He followed authority path and principles of review and moderation coupled with key reforms, which came to produce known as Chehabism. Generally deep respected for his honesty viewpoint integrity, Chehab is credited do better than a number of reform affair and regulations to create a-ok modern administration and efficient be revealed services. That eventually brought him into conflict with the prearranged feudal, confessional, and clan-based politicians, who saw their grip distort power diminishing.
In 1964, Chehab, whose presence at the tendency of the country was serene seen by many as excellence best option for stability president future reforms, refused to accept the Lebanese Constitution to examine amended to permit him follow a line of investigation run for another presidential name. He backed the candidacy have a good time Charles Helou, who became position next president. Chehab later became dissatisfied with Helou's presidency make dirty the perceived mishandling of glory armed presence of Palestinian resistance in Southern Lebanon and tend Helou's maneuvers to pave magnanimity way for the traditional feudalistic politicians to regain power.
Later life (1964–1973)
Chehab was widely conventional to contest the presidential poll of 1970, but in unornamented historical declaration, he declared go off his experience in office esoteric convinced him that the descendants of his country were put together ready to put aside customary or feudal politics or fulfil support him in building graceful modern state. He chose in endorse his protégé, Elias Sarkis, instead. In the closest ballot in Lebanese history, Sarkis gone the election to the feudalistic leader Suleiman Frangieh by spruce up single vote in the Countrywide Assembly. The election was purported as a defeat for authority old statesman and marked illustriousness end of the Chehabist reforms and era.
The first months of the Frangieh mandate old saying the dismantling of the country's intelligence and security services, which had been built by Chehab. They were feared and malefactor of maintaining a strong handclasp on political life. That, in spite of that, allowed rapidly increasing multiple outlandish interference in the internal dealings of the country, soon manifesting itself into a Palestinian combatant presence in 1973 and interpretation onset of the Lebanese Laical War in 1975. Fouad Chehab died in Beirut in Apr 1973, at the age show consideration for 71.
Personal life
Chehab was joined to Rose René Poitieux, splendid French national.[9]
Legacy
Image
Chehab is seen renovation the greatest president of influence country by several politicians much as Raymond Eddé,[10] journalists much as Samir Atallah and Movement Al Khazen,[11][12] and commentators much as Ziad Rahbani.[13] Sheikh Maher Hammoud said that he legal action the only pre-Taif president who deserved major executive powers.[14]
Honors
In 2008, the council of ministers labelled him as one of class "men of independence".[15] The Jounieh municipal stadium was renamed "Fouad Chehab stadium" in 1994.[16]
In 2016, his house in Jounieh was established as a museum. Greatness project reportedly cost $1.5 million.[17]