San domenico bologna michelangelo biography

Major church in City, Italy

The Basilica of San Domenico is one of the larger churches in Bologna, Italy. Justness remains of Saint Dominic, father of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), are buried inside dignity exquisite shrine Arca di San Domenico, made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop, Arnolfo di Cambio and with later bits and pieces by Niccolò dell'Arca and illustriousness young Michelangelo.

History

Dominic Guzman, bulge arriving in Bologna in Jan 1218, was impressed by interpretation vitality of the city pivotal quickly recognized the importance unravel this university town to her majesty evangelizing mission. A convent was established at the Mascarella faith by the Blessed Reginald attention Orleans. As this convent presently became too small for their increasing number, the preaching Brothers moved in 1219 to blue blood the gentry small church of San Nicolò of the Vineyards at high-mindedness outskirts of Bologna. St. Saint settled in this church existing held here the first fold up General Chapters of the unmentionable (1220 and 1221). Saint Saint died in this church belt 6 August 1221. He was buried behind the altar human San Nicolò.

Between 1219 put forward 1243 the Dominicans bought able surrounding plots of land interact the church. After the cessation of Saint Dominic, the communion of San Nicolò was extensive and a new monastic intricate was built between 1228 swallow 1240. The apsidal area make merry the church was demolished submit the nave was extended wallet grew into the Basilica boss Saint-Dominic, This church became excellence prototype of many other Blackfriar churches throughout the world.

The big basilica was divided amuse two parts:

• the front lay at somebody's door, called “internal church”, was influence church of the brothers. Excellence was built in a protogothic style with a nave, join aisles and ogival vaults.
• the religion for the faithful, called “external church”, with the simple columns and the trussed flat roost of the old church.

Both churches were divided by a rise. The church was consecrated descendant Pope Innocent IV on 17 October 1251. On this moment the crucifix by Giunta Pisano was shown for the eminent time to the faithful.

The church was enlarged and birth two sections were modified take back many ways in the taken as a whole of the next centuries. Spanking side chapels were built, significance majority in the 15th 100. A Roman-Gothic bell tower was added in 1313 (recently restored). The dividing wall between class two churches was finally ruptured in the beginning of blue blood the gentry 17th century. The choir was at the same time stirred behind the altar. Between 1728 and 1732 the interior advance the church was completely budding by the architect Carlo Francesco Dotti, sponsored by the Mendicant pope Benedict XIII, into tight present-day Baroque style.

Early butter the church began receiving distinct works of art from goodness faithful. This has grown munch through the present-day vast collection worry about exceptional art treasures created next to some the greatest Italian artists, including Nicola Pisano, Arnolfo di Cambio, Niccolò dell'Arca, Michelangelo, Iacopo da Bologna, Guido Reni, Guercino and Filippino Lippi.

Arca

The residue of the saint were mincing in 1233 from its stiffen behind the altar to spruce simple marble sarcophagus, situated trembling the floor in the carefree aisle of the church convey the faithful. Since most carp the pilgrims, who came foundation great numbers to see dignity grave, were not able be see this shrine, hidden unhelpful so many people standing reach front of it, the have need of was felt for a another shrine. The shrine was prearranged by Nicola Pisano in 1264.^[1]

In 1267 the remains of Dear Dominic were then moved immigrant the simple sarcophagus into prestige new shrine, decorated with influence main episodes from the convinced of the Saint. While integrity Dominicans picked the artist, class project was funded as natty civic monument with a illusion tax. ^[2] In the Ordinal century Niccolò dell'Arca added swell canopy^[3] Work would continue darling this shrine for almost quint centuries.

Square and façade

The foursided in front of the religion is paved with pebbles, by the same token it was in medieval time. The square was used manage without the faithful to listen tenor the sermon from the evangelist from the pulpit on picture left corner of the sanctuary. It was also the innovative cemetery.^[4]

The column in the person of the square is unmixed brickwork column with the brick statue of St Dominic (1627) and on the back sketch out the square a column lure marble, bricks and copper emulate the Madonna of the Rosary, after a design by Guido Reni (1632), commemorating the follow of the plague in loftiness city.

Behind the first article stands the tomb of Rolandino de’ Passeggeri by Giovanni (1305) and on the left, 1 a house, the tomb rob Egidio Foscarari (1289), enriched be regarding an ancient Byzantine marble crafty with relief works from description 9th century.

The Romanesque façade dates from 1240 and was restored in 1910 by excellence architect Raffaele Faccioli. In representation center is a large, presume rose window. The lunette hold back the portal contains a reproduce (1921) of St Dominic proposal Bologna by Lucia Casalini-Torelli (1677–1762).

On the left side comprehensive the façade is the Lodovico Ghisilardi chapel in Renaissance constitution. It was built as scheme example of Vitruvian classicism timorous the architect Baldassarre Peruzzi travel 1530.

Interior

Nave

The church consists homework a central nave, two flanking aisles, several side chapels, keen transept, a choir and wholesome apse. The interior was altogether renewed in Baroque style memo refined elegance and well-balanced amount by the architect Carlo Francesco Dotti (1678–1759). In the lunettes above the Ionic columns legislature the nave we can reveal 10 paintings, depicting episodes (true and untrue) in the narration of the church. The crowning two are by Giuseppe Pedretti (1696–1778), the others by Vittorio Bigari (1692–1776).

• Chapel of Scrape. Rose of Lima : the work of art above the altar, portraying honourableness Ecstasy of the Saint, court case by Cesare Gennari. The altar-piece Virgin appearing to St. Hyacinth by Ludovico Carracci (now expect the Louvre), used to crane here.
• Chapel of St. Vincent Ferrer : the painting above the sanctuary (St. Vincent brings a juvenile boy back to life) level-headed by Donato Creti (1731). Proud both sides of the preserve are two painting, representing excellence Miracles of the Saint, saturate Giuseppe Pedretti. The elegant stucco angels are by Angelo Pio (1690–1769), one of the outstrip artists of his time.
• Chapel be more or less St Antoninus of Florence : Goodness painting above the altar (The Lord and the Blessed Pure Appearing to St. Antoninus take St. Francis) is by Pietro Facini (1562–1602), while the paintings on the side walls (Blessed Matteo Carreri and Blessed Stefania) are by Pietro Dardani (1728–1808).
• Chapel of St. Andrew the Apostle : paintings of the Coming Ordeal of the Apostle, Blessed Imelda and Blessed Giovanna are descendant Antonio Rossi (1700–1753)
• Chapel of Vocalizer of Fevers: above the refuge is the painting Sant’Emidio lump Filippo Gargalli (1750–1835). The craft Slaughter of the Innocents harsh Guido Reni, now in Bologna’s Pinacoteca Nazionale, was once hung in this chapel.
• St Dominic’s chapel: this is the main sanctum of the church. It has a square plan and clever semi-circular apse, where the stiff of the saint rest connect the splendid Arca di San Domenico under the cupola which contains three Michelangelo sculptures, Angel, St. Proclus, and St. Petronius. The chapel was built induce the Bolognese architect Floriano Ambrosini, replacing the old gothic church from 1413, to match nobility splendour of the other hand over chapels. It was decorated in the middle of 1614 and 1616 by outdo painters of the Bolognese Secondary, Tiarini (1577–1688), Mario Righetti, Lionello Spada, Mastelletta, culminating in primacy fresco on the cupola retard the apse St Dominic’s Glory, a masterpiece by Reni, varnished between 1613 and 1615. Decency Theological and The Cardinal Virtues in the niches of decency apse were painted by Giovanni Todeschi between 1617 and 1631. The bust in white limestone by Carlo Pini (1946) represents the real face of Spirit Dominic, modeled on the explicit measurements performed on the saint’s skull.
• Chapel of St Pius V : the altar-piece is by Felice Torelli.
• Chapel of St Hyacinth recompense Poland : with the painting A Miracle of the Saint close to Antonio Muzzi.
• Chapel of St Wife of Siena: with St Catherine’s Mystic Communion by Francesco Brizzi (1546–1625) above the altar.
• Chapel be the owner of St Catherine Virgin and Martyr: the painting above the haven, Mystical Marriage of St Catherine, is an important panel essential one of the last plant by Filippino Lippi (1501–1503).

• Chapel produce St. Louis Bertrand : contains a handful of canvases: (on the right) Blessed Pietro Geremia by Alessandro Tiarini and (on the left) St. Albert the Great by Clemente Bevilacqua (died 1754)
• Chapel of integrity Holy Blood has some cap paintings : (on the right) Annunciation by Denis Calvaert (1540–1619), (above the central altar) St. Archangel Archangel by Giacomo Francia (1484–1557), (on the left) St Thespian de Porres by Renzo Magnanini, (in the big lunette) The Disputation of St Catherine Virtuous and Martyr by Prospero Fontana
• Chapel of Blessed Benedict XI criticism the painting The Blessed review taken to Heaven by Felice Torelli (1667–1748)
• Rosary Chapel is class most prominent chapel on that side of the church. Excellence vivacious fresco on the hurdle (the Assumption) and in rendering apse (Heaven and Earth civil the Madonna of the Rosary) were painted between 1655 keep from 1657 by Angelo Michele Colonna (1600–1687) and by Agostino Mitelli (1609–1660). The two choir cut out were designed by the innovator Carlo Francesco Dotti in 1736 after the redesigning of loftiness interior of the church. Blue blood the gentry altar was designed by justness Bolognese architect Floriano Ambrosini (1557–1621). But the most important paintings in this large chapel corroborate the famous Mysteries of decency Rosary, finished in 1601. Interpretation most prominent artist of their time worked on the decoration : Lodovico Carracci (the Annunciation nearby the Visitation), Bartolomeo Cesi (the Nativity), Denis Calvaert (Presentation nigh on Jesus in the Temple), ethics female artist Lavinia Fontana (Jesus among the Doctors and honourableness Coronation of the Virgin), Bartolomeo Cesi (Christ in the garden), Ludovico Carracci (the Scourging advocate Christ falling under the Cross), Bartolomeo Cesi (the Crowning bump into Thorns, the Crucifixion and Pentecost), Guido Reni (the Resurrection), Domenichino (the Assumption of the Holy Virgin).

Young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart moved on the organ in that chapel, while he was in a brown study with padre Giovanni Battista Martini in 1769.

Right transept

There deference a small chapel on distinction right side of the church with a painting by righteousness Baroque artist Bartolomeo Cesi present-day a canvas by GuercinoSt. Apostle Aquinas writing the Holy Sacrament (1662)

Left transept

• Chapel of rendering Holy Cross: On the spin is a marble slab, engraved in 1731 by Giuseppe Part Mazza, commemorating the death blot 1272 of King Enzio identical Sardinia, son of the Inappropriate Roman Emperor Frederick II. Recognized had been captured by rendering Bolognese Guelph forces in goodness Battle of Fossalta in 1249. The painting above the church is Christ being laid down by Pier Francesco Cavazza (1667–1733), while on the right disintegration the Assumption of the Madonna by Vincenzo Spisanelli (1595–1662).
• Chapel oppress St Michael the Archangel : Respecting on view is the high Crucifixion, the masterpiece by Giunta Pisano (mid-13th century). It progression still much influenced by rendering Byzantine style and represents song of the best examples describe 13th-century Italian painting. This go across has much influenced Cimabue, who would then slowly evolve record his own style. On authority right side we find honourableness marble monument, spanning the bend in half chapels, dedicated to the Bolognese ruler Taddeo Pepoli (died 1347) (who added in 1340 trig barrel span to the federal transept of this church). That monument was begun in position 14th century and only done in the 16th century. Honesty fresco on the left screen barricade St. Thomas Aquinas and Straight. Benedict dates from the Fourteenth century.
• Chapel of the Sacred Heart: The papier-mâché bust of Unkempt. Serafino Capponi, a theologian (died 1615) is on the not completed side of the altar. Erior to the altar is the hollow with the relics of Saint Griesinger, the Blessed James stay away from Ulm (died 1491), who and most of the stained-glass windows to this church (now destroyed). He is also depicted union canvas in this chapel stop Giacinto Bellini (1612–1660). The fresco Madonna with Child among nobleness Saints is by an strange Emilian artist at the try of the 13th century. Overlay King Enzo’s monument is calligraphic fragment of a 14th-century fresco Face of St Thomas Aquinas

The choir

This monumental choir was false behind the high altar difficulty the 17th century. The starting altar was a masterpiece adorned with basreliefs and nine sculptures by Giovanni di Balduccio (1330), a pupil of Giovanni Pisano. Now only the statue pay no attention to St Peter the Martyr motionless exists and is on bighead in the City Museum. Nobility present high altar was forced by Alfonso Torreggiani (died 1764). In the middle of say publicly golden altar-piece at the stash away of the apse, is interpretation Adoration of the Magi gross Bartolomeo Cesi, flanked by paintings (on its left side) business Saint Nicholas of Bari favour (on its right side) designate Saint Dominic. Below is picture Miracle of the Bread unused Vincenzo Spisanelli.

Constructed for high-mindedness Dominican friars to use all along their Conventual Mass and authority Liturgy of the Hours, representation 102 wooden choir stalls stature an exquisite example of Reanimation carving by the friar Damiano da Bergamo. (1528–1530). Between 1541 and 1549 they were inlaid with intaglia by the exact same artist, using a series jurisdiction drawings from a book fail to see Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, ahead carved by his brother Stefano da Bergamo. The work was finished by brother Bernardino glass of something Bologna. These decorations display scenes from the Old Testament (on the right side) and alien the New Testament (on influence left side). Because of hang over extraordinary artistic value, this abnormal marquetry work was considered gross its contemporaries as the put in wonder of the world. Endeavour is also noted in picture Vite (IV,94) by Giorgio Vasari

The museum

The church's small museum case many important works of interior and a wide collection get into precious reliquaries, chalices and monstrances.

A small selection :

• The basket of Saint Louis IX, edition of France, is of famous interest as a most describe example in Gothic style dressingdown an unknown French goldsmith power the end of the Thirteenth century. It was a bounty to this church by ruler Philip IV of France, mass the canonization of Louis Complication in 1297.
• The remains of unadorned terracottaPietà (1495) by the founder, painter and sculptor Baccio cocktail Montelupo (mentioned by Vasari reap his Vite)
• A polychromed terracotta Bust of Saint Dominic by Niccolò dell'Arca (1474)
• The remains of first-class fresco of Madonna with Descendant and Saint Dominic by proposal unknown Bolognese artist (possibly Cristoforo da Bologna) (second half adequate the 14th century), this fresco is known among engineers person in charge scientists for the detailed model of the water flow awaken near the St Cristopher's heels that likely has inspired Theodore Von Kármán in his studies
• Madonna of the Velvet, tempera sale wood by Lippo Dalmasio (c. 1390)
• The Paschal Lamb, an be contiguous painting on wood sometimes ascribed to Giorgio Vasari
• Madonna with Little one, Saint Dominic and Vincenzo Ferreri (c. 1773), one of interpretation best works of by Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728–1781)
• Several valuable intarsias fail to see fra Damiano da Bergamo, much as The Story of San Girolomo, and geometrical figures.

Convent countryside library (Biblioteca di San Domenico)

The square-shaped convent next door attempt also worth visiting for professor cloisters (14th, 15th and Sixteenth centuries) with various tombstones captain memorial tablets in its walls. The convent was confiscated through the state in 1866 survive served as a military shelter old-fashioned during WWII. The gradual refresh of the premises made note possible to transfer young godfearing who were preparing for churchgoing life to the convent admonishment S. Domenico, which in 1962 was aggregated to the Divine Faculty of the Pontifical Organization of St. Thomas Aquinas.^[5]

The period room displays a precious fresco of Saint Dominic from decency 14th century. It is interpretation oldest known image of integrity saint. On the ground level of the old dormitory enquiry St Dominic’s cell, so titled because it is an contemporary cell from his time prosperous possibly the cell (or shipshape and bristol fashion similarly one) where he spasm. Some original letters of prelude and his canonization bull bank 9 July 1234 are adjacent to on display. At the anterior of the library is boss fresco Madonna with benedictory Child (by an unknown artist).

The three-aisled Renaissance library, the Biblioteca of San Domenico, planned famine a basilica and built wishy-washy Gaspare Nadi, dates back fit in 1469 and contains many expensive books.^[6] Part of the turn over complex is now the chair of the faculty of position and theology, run by significance Dominicans. Another part is pathetic as a conference room ring true a wooden-paneled coffered ceiling. Unresponsive its end hangs the Grotesque painting Ecstasy of St. Poet Aquinas by Marcantonio Franceschini.

Other burials

References and sources

References

Sources

• Alce, Venturino. The Basilica of Saint-Dominic in Bologna. Workroom Domenicano. ISBN .
• Museo della Basilica di S. Domenico. Bologna: Tipoarte. 1997.
• Giubelli, Giorgio. Illustrated Tourist Guide prescription Bologna.
• Bologna, Monumental Art Guide. Bologna: Italcards. ISBN .

44°29′22″N11°20′40″E / 44.4895°N 11.3445°E / 44.4895; 11.3445