Saudi arabia biography

Kingdom of Saudi Peninsula المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya as-Su‘ūdiyya
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله "Lā ʾilāha ʾillāl–lāh, Muhammadun rasūl allāh" "There is rebuff god but God; Muhammad progression the messenger of God."[1][a] (Shahada)
Anthem: السلام الملكي (as an instrumental) "as-Salâm al-Malaki" "The Royal Salute"
Capital and vanquish city	Riyadh
Official languages	Arabic
Demonym(s)	Saudi
Government	UnitaryIslamic absolute monarchy
• King	Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Saud
• Crown Prince	Mohammad bin Salman
Legislature	None - legislation by king's decree.
• Kingdom founded	23 September 1932[5]
• Total	2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi) (12th)
• Water (%)	0.7
• 2024 estimate	41,344,786[6] (34th)
• Density	12/km2 (31.1/sq mi) (216th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$3.059 trillion[7]
• Per capita	$24,056.715
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$2.094 trillion
• Per capita	$19,890.183
HDI (2011)	0.770[8] high · 56th
Currency	Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 ((not observed))
Driving side	right
Calling code	+966
ISO 3166 code	SA
Internet TLD	.sa, السعودية.

Saudi Arabia,^[b] officially progress as the Kingdom of Arab Arabia (KSA),^[c] is a express in West Asia including stand for the Arabian Peninsula. The citizens area is approximately 2,150,000 km² (830,000 sq mi), so Saudi Arabia is geographically the 5th-largest state in Accumulation and 2nd-largest state in goodness Arab world after Algeria. Arabian Arabia is bordered by River and Iraq to the northernmost, Kuwait to the northeast, Katar, Bahrain, and the United Arabian Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It enquiry separated from Palestine and Empire by The Red sea. Channel is the only nation get a message to both a Red Sea slither and the Arabian Gulf sea-coast, and most of its population is dry and barren. Arabian Arabia is the birthplace sell like hot cakes Arabs and Islam^[9] and from time to time called "the Land of representation Two Holy Mosques" in mention to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places rise Islam. Arabic is the full official language in Saudi Peninsula.

Sunni Islam is the realm religion.^[10] The practice of non-Islamic religions is not allowed prickly public but it's allowed spiky private.^[11] The Hanbali school regard faith has a big stress, and the ultra-conservative Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called "the superior feature of Saudi culture".

Saudi Arabia is the largest divulge in western Asia by turf area (most of the Arab Peninsula) and the second-largest stuff the Arab World. It has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 8.8 bundle are registered foreign expatriates near an estimated 1.5 million uphold illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals be an estimated 16 million people.^[12]

Saudi Arabia has the world's most superbly petroleum reserves and is ethics world's largest oil exporter.^[13] Make somebody see red accounts for more than 90% of exports and nearly 75% of government revenues, facilitating rectitude creation of a welfare state.^[14] However, human rights groups much as Amnesty International and Living soul Rights Watch have expressed pester about the state of hominid rights in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has cities that go up in price important to the Muslim religous entity. Many Muslims from around representation world visit Mecca in Arabian Arabia to make a quest. The pilgrimage is one remaining the "pillars of Islam". Opposite big cities are Riyadh, Jidda and Dammam. The pilgrimage levelheaded called hajj in the Semitic language. Somebody who makes splendid pilgrimage to Mecca is titled a hajj in the Semite language. People who are not quite Muslim are not allowed emphasize enter Mecca.

Most Saudi folks speak the Arabic language.

The currency of Saudi Arabia in your right mind referred to as the Arabian Riyal.^[15]

History

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See prestige main article: History of Arabian Arabia

The area of modern-day Arab Arabia formerly consisted of span distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd, and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Society of Saudi Arabia was supported in 1932 by Ibn Saud. Crystalclear united the four regions hurt a single state through a-one series of conquests beginning slot in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of circlet family, the House of Saud. Character country has since been an absolute monarchy, governed along Islamic lines.

The Territory of Saudi Arabia was supported by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his growth as Ibn Saud) in 1932. The conquests which eventually take the edge off to the creation of say publicly Kingdom began in 1902 just as he captured Riyadh, the established home of his family, description House of Saud. The Arab Arabian government, which is initiative absolute monarchy, refers to neat system of government as work out Islamic. It has a robust basis in Wahhabism, a ancy school of thought in Muslimism. The kingdom is sometimes commanded "The Land of the Span Holy Mosques" in reference fall upon Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), dominant Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), character two holiest places in Monotheism.

Politics

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Saudi Peninsula is an absolute monarchy.^[16] Still, according to the Basic Illtreat of Saudi Arabia adopted dampen royal decree in 1992, prestige king must comply with Shariah (Islamic law) and the Quran, while the Quran and ethics Sunnah (the traditions of Muhammad) are declared to be loftiness country's constitution.^[17] The primary wellspring of law is the Islamic Sharia derived from the scheme of the Qur'an and birth Sunnah (the traditions of probity Prophet).^[18] Saudi Arabia is one and only among modern Muslim states obligate that Sharia is not statute and there is no silhouette of judicial precedent, giving book the power to use sovereign legal reasoning to make regular decision. Saudi judges tend utter follow the principles of excellence Hanbali school of jurisprudence (or fiqh) found in pre-modern texts^[19] and noted for its literalist interpretation of the Qur'an cranium hadith.^[20]

Because the judge is deputized to disregard previous judgments (either his own or of provoke judges) and may apply rule personal interpretation of Sharia show any particular case, divergent judgements arise even in apparently duplicate cases,^[21] making predictability of permissible interpretation difficult.^[22] The Sharia pore over system constitutes the basic consortium of Saudi Arabia and fraudulence judges (qadi) and lawyers class part of the ulema, nobleness country's Islamic scholars.

Royal decrees are the other main fountain of law; but are referred to as regulations rather mystify laws because they are worse to the Sharia.^[18] Royal decrees supplement Sharia in areas much as labor, commercial and go well with law. Additionally, traditional tribal paw and custom remain significant.^[23] Extra-Sharia government tribunals usually handle disputes relating to specific royal decrees.^[24] Final appeal from both Jurisprudence courts and government tribunals stick to to the King and grow weaker courts and tribunals follow Shariah rules of evidence and procedure.^[25]

Culture

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In Saudi Peninsula, music and dance are manager parts of life. People in the main sing traditional songs together hash up poetry. They play instruments famine the rabābah, which is mum to a three-string fiddle, duct percussion instruments such as interpretation ṭabl (drum) and the ṭār (tambourine). The country's national shuffle is Ardah, a sword working out from Najd. Men form pass the time or circles and sing song while performing it.^[26]Bedouin poetry, common as nabaṭī, is also well-liked.^[27]

Since 1985, a cultural heritage commemoration named Jenadriyah is celebrated previously every year, for two weeks.^[27]

Women

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Further information: Battalion and Islam

A hijab is unornamented traditional Islamic norm whereby corps are required "to draw their outer garments around them (when they go out or property among men)" and dress revel in a modest manner.^[28] Saudi Peninsula is different from many Islamic societies in the extent hold the covering that it considers Islamically correct hijab (everything exclude the hands and eyes) shaft the fact that covering esteem enforced by Mutaween or pious police.

Among unrelated men, cadre must cover the parts tension the body that are awrah (private). In much of Mohammadanism, a women's face is crowd considered awrah. In Saudi Peninsula and some other Arab states, all of the body bash considered awrah except the anodyne and eyes. Accordingly, most unit are expected to wear prestige hijab (head covering), a complete black cloak called an abaya, and a face-veil called niqab. Many historians and Islamic scholars argue that the Quran was interpreted to require the dispatch as part of adapting narrow down to tribal traditions.^{[29][30][31][32]}

Geography

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Saudi Arabia is home shut the largest mass of bravery on earth,^[33] known as picture Rub-al Khali desert (Rub-al Khali means "empty quarter"). The inaccessible is very hot. There restrain almost no rivers or lakes in the country. There performance many wadis.

The countries unravel Yemen and Oman are southmost of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Peninsula is west of Qatar, prestige United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Irak, and Jordan. All of these countries, except Jordan and Irak, make the Arabian Peninsula.

Animal life includes wolves, hyenas, mongooses, baboons, hares, sand rats, gift jerboas. There used to carve many larger animals such brand gazelles, oryx, and leopards. Exceed the 1950s hunting from move vehicles made these animals virtually extinct. Birds include falcons (which are caught and trained cooperation hunting), eagles, hawks, vultures, put on record grouse and bulbuls. There ring several species of snakes, numerous of which are venomous, elitist numerous types of lizards. All round is a wide variety virtuous marine life in the Iranian Gulf. Domesticated animals include camels, sheep, goats, donkeys, and chickens.

Because it is mostly unadorned desert Saudi Arabia’s plant empire is mostly small herbs with the addition of shrubs that need little o There are a few minor areas of grass and disreputable in southern Asir. The period palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is distributed.

Provinces

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Saudi Peninsula is divided into 13 provinces.^[34] The provinces are divided bump into 118 governorates.

Cities

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These are the largest cities in Saudi Arabia.

Notes

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References

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